- Title
- Adult clonidine overdose: prolonged bradycardia and central nervous system depression, but not severe toxicity
- Creator
- Isbister, Geoffrey K.; Heppell, Simon P.; Page, Colin B.; Ryan, Nicole M.
- Relation
- Funding BodyNHMRCGrant Number1055176 & NHMRC.1061041 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1055176
- Relation
- Clinical Toxicology Vol. 55, Issue 3, p. 187-192
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2016.1277234
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2017
- Description
- Context: There are limited reports of adult clonidine overdose. We aimed to describe the clinical effects and treatment of clonidine overdose in adults. Methods: This was a retrospective review of a prospective cohort of poisoned patients who took clonidine overdoses (>200 μg). Demographic information, clinical effects, treatment, complications (central nervous system and cardiovascular effects) and length of stay (LOS) were extracted from a clinical database or medical records. Results: From 133 admissions for clonidine poisoning (1988–2015), no medical record was available in 14 and 11 took staggered ingestions. Of 108 acute clonidine overdoses (median age 27 years; 14–65 years; 68 females), 40 were clonidine alone ingestions and 68 were clonidine with co-ingestants. Median dose taken was 2100 μg (interquartile range [IQR]: 400–15,000 μg). Median LOS was 21h (IQR: 14–35 h) and there were no deaths. Glasgow coma score [GCS] <15 occurred in 73/108 (68%), and more patients taking co-ingestants (8/68; 12%) had coma (GCS <9) compared to clonidine alone (2/40; 5%). Miosis occurred in 31/108 (29%) cases. Median minimum HR was 48 bpm (IQR: 40–57 bpm), similar between clonidine alone and co-ingestant overdoses. There was a significant association between dose and minimum HR for clonidine alone overdoses (p = 0.02). 82/108 (76%) had bradycardia, median onset 2.5 h post-ingestion (IQR: 1.7–5.5 h) and median duration 20 h (2.5–83 h), similar for clonidine alone and co-ingestant overdoses. There were no arrhythmias. Three patients ingesting 8000–12,000 μg developed early hypertension. Median minimum systolic BP was 96 mmHg (IQR: 90–105 mmHg) and hypotension occurred in 26/108 (24%). 12/108 patients were intubated, but only 2 were clonidine alone cases. Treatments included activated charcoal (24), atropine (8) and naloxone (23). The median total naloxone dose was 2 mg (IQR: 1.2–2.4 mg), but only one patient given naloxone was documented to respond with partial improvement in GCS. Discussion: Clonidine causes persistent but not life-threatening clinical effects. Most patients develop mild central nervous system depression and bradycardia. Naloxone was not associated with improved outcomes.
- Subject
- Clonidine; poisoning; overdose; bradycardia; imidazoline
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1352603
- Identifier
- uon:30918
- Identifier
- ISSN:1556-3650
- Rights
- This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Clinical Toxicology on 20/01/2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15563650.2016.1277234
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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